Reverend Al Sampson arrived in Lunsar, Sierra Leone, on a sunny December day in 2005. Born 1976(?) He is of African-American ancestry, and achieved renown in the 1990s for his pioneering work in tracing the ancestry of African Americans via DNA testing. He is of African-American ancestry, and achieved renown in the 1990s for his pioneering work in tracing the ancestry of African Americans via DNA testing. Filmmaker Spike Lee, former United Nations ambassador Andrew Young, and actors LeVar Burton and Vanessa Williams were three of African Ancestry's celebrity clients, while over 2,000 others paid about $300 or $350 for the company's DNA tests in its first year in business. He is also Associate Director of Health Equities of COH Comprehensive Cancer Center. Ghana and Ivory Coast? By this time it was the late 1990s; Kittles earned his PhD in 1998 and took a job as assistant professor of microbiology at Howard University. He is also known for appearing in films and TV series like Malibu's Most Wanted (2003), Get Rich or Die Tryin' (2005), Next (2007), Miracle at St. Anna (2008) among others. But failing that, he says, he is able to specify the present-day country their DNA points to (most of the continents national boundaries are postcolonial phenomena, finalized a century ago or less). He is also Associate Director of health equities in the Comprehensive Cancer Center. Black nationalism is the ideology of creating a nation-state for Africans living in the Maafa (a Kiswahili term used to describe t, Kitti's Hog-Nosed Bats (Craseonycteridae), https://www.encyclopedia.com/education/news-wires-white-papers-and-books/kittles-rick. When word of his efforts leaked out, Howard found its switchboard jammed with calls from reporters and from ordinary African Americans who wanted to know how they could sign up to be tested. The Hard Truth About the 65%. Any criticism Kittles encountered was overshadowed by the enthusiastic response he immediately received from African Americans interested in learning more about their backgrounds. degree in biology from the Rochester Institute of Technology (1989), an M.S. Sometimes Ricky goes by various nicknames including Ricky A Kittles, Ricahrd Kittles, Richard Kittles, Richard A Kittles and Anthony Kittles. Dr. Kittles presented "The use of genetic ancestry to understand health disparities." He discussed how the use of self-identified race and ethnicity may not necessarily be a good proxy for genetic background in recently admixed populations like African Americans and Hispanics. He was featured in the BBC Two films Motherland: A Genetic Journey and Motherland Moving On (released in 2003 and 2004, respectively), as well as in part 4 of the 2006 PBS series African American Lives (hosted by Henry Louis Gates). But that fraction of a percentage of DNA is more than what we had, Kittles says. City of Hope's translational research and personalized treatment protocols. "Like many African Americans, I wanted to trace my ancestry," Kittles told . Dr. Rick Kittles is a geneticist and director of the division of health equities at City of Hope, a private hospital, graduate medical school and research center in Duarte, California. [1] Paige travels the world helping people demystify their roots and inform on identities so that they may better understand who they are by knowing where theyre from. A native of Lawtey, Florida, Tory Kittles is an American actor best known for starring as Marcus Dante on the television series, The Equalizer. Beginning in 1998, as he was completing his Ph.D. at George Washington University, Kittles was hired as an assistant professor of microbiology at Howard University in Washington, D.C., and also named director of the African American Hereditary Prostate Cancer (AAHPC) Study Network at the university's National Human Genome Center. When he was young he hoped to become a rap musician, but he was curious from the start about human origins and differences. Hes planning a trip there this year. Currently, he is Professor and Founding Director of the Division of Health Equities within the Department of Population Sciences at City of Hope. He started with scientific literature, compiling African DNA sequences that had already been decoded and digitized. As one of the only Black geneticists, Dr. Rick Kittles wanted to create a way for Black Americans to trace their roots back to Africa. RESPECTED LUMINARY: Paige has worked with and revealed the roots of the world's leading icons and entities including Oprah Winfrey, John Legend, Chadwick Boseman, Spike Lee, Condoleezza Rice and The King Family. Dr. Kittles received a Ph.D. in Biological Sciences from George Washington University in 1998. He was a nationally recognized investigator whose specialties encompassed such vital topics as prostate cancer and the role of genetics in disease. Petition to nominate Dr. Rick Kittles, geneticist, for the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. Rick Antonius Kittles was born in 1976(?) ", By the time he reached his teenage years, Kittles found his curiosity intensifying as his white classmates began to identify more strongly with European ethnic groups. DeAnna Taylor May 28, 2019. As of this past October, more than 260,000 Americans had paid for genealogical genetic testing. Rick Kittles, Ph.D., is Professor and founding director of the Division of Health Equities within the Department of Population Sciences at the City of Hope (COH). He holds a B.S. Kittles was raised in Central Islip, New York. Geneticist Rick Kittles, a professor at Ohio State University, became one of the hottest young scientific researchers in the country in the early 2000s. He was a nationally recognized investigator whose specialties encompassed such vital topics as prostate cancer and the role of genetics in disease. In fact, he delayed launching African Ancestry by one or two years while he labored to answer and accommodate his critics. In 2003, Dr. Kittles and along with Co-founder Dr. Gina Paige pioneered a new marketplace for Black people looking to know where theyre from in Africa. Rick Kittles, PhD - Dec. 15, 2010 TEDxNorthwesternU: Identity, Democracy After Anatomy Alice Dreger, PhD - Dec. 15, 2010 The Biologic Basis of Obesity Jeffrey Friedman, MD, PhD - Oct. 13, 2010 From Reading to Writing Life Code Juan Enriquez, PhD - Nov. 4, 2009 Personal Genomes and Web 2.0 Volunteerism George Church, PhD - May 12, 2009 With the industrys largest and most comprehensive database of over 30,000 indigenous African DNA samples, Rick Kittles, PhD, received a BS in biology from the Rochester Institute of Technology in 1989 and a PhD in biological sciences from George Washington University in 1998. Want this question answered? Using the companys proprietary African Lineage Database along with close collaboration with historians, anthropologists and linguists, Dr. Kittles safeguards accuracy and integrity in determining African countries of origin and Tribes. "About Us," African Ancestry, Inc., www.africanancestry.com (March 1, 2005). Simply select your manager software from the list below and click on download. In 1997 he joined a research team examining remains from a colonial-era black cemetery that once occupied six acres of lower Manhattan. He has published on genetic variation and prostate cancer genetics of African Americans. She went on to start Pik-A-Pak Care Packages as a Stanford University graduate, helping families stay connected with their children while away at school. Particularly vocal is Troy Duster, a New York University sociologist who served on the committee advising the Human Genome Project on social and ethical issues and who has called genetic-testing proponents pied pipers of genealogical certainty. If you want to measure environment, say that. As a sociological concept, race remains a powerful force, but as a scientific proposition, it is a muddle. We would like to show you a description here but the site won't allow us. But a kind of false precision is rampant right now. Cautioning consumers against any headlong plunge into genetic ancestry testing, an article in the October 19 Sciencecoauthored by 14 anthropologists, sociologists (including Duster), bioethicists, and legal scholarssummed up the skepticscase. Is understanding your roots as important as a pair of sneakers? Sampson, who established genetics as a ministry within his church and encourages worshippers to test their DNA, advises splitting the cost among several family members. But there the trail ended. He is also Associate Director of Health Equities of COH Comprehensive Cancer Center. All Rights Reserved Johnson concurs, adding that DNA reveals the limitations of the very idea of race. In 1998 he was hired at Howard Unviersity as an assistant professor of microbiology and named director of the AAHPC (African American Heredity Prostate Cancer) Study Network. "The first thing they say is 'Tuskegee,'" referring to the infamous 40-year United States Public Health Service study in which hundreds of black men were unknowingly denied proper treatment for syphilis infections. Founded in 1913, City of Hope is a leader in bone marrow transplantation and immunotherapy such as CAR T cell therapy. Summarize this article for a 10 years old. Loop is the open research network that increases the discoverability and impact of researchers and their work. Between 1991 and 2003, the New York Times covered the story more than 100 times. Rick Kittles, Ph.D., is Professor and founding director of the Division of Health Equities within the Department of Population Sciences at the City of Hope (COH). Kittles also co-directed the molecular genetics unit of Howard University's National Human Genome Center. Beginning in 2004, he served as an associate professor in the Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology & Medical Genetics at the Tzagournis Medical Research Facility of Ohio State University in Columbus, Ohio. Chicago geneticist Rick Kittles stirs controversy and hope with a DNA database designed to help African Americans unearth their roots. Rick A. Kittles, PhD Section of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine and Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics School of Public Health, University of Illinois, Chicago. He earned his PhD in Biological Sciences from the George Washington University and a Bachelor of Science in Biological Sciences from Rochester Institute of Technology. "There is very strong resistance in the African-American community to participate in government-sponsored research," Kittles pointed out to the Chicago Sun-Times. Study guides. While at Howard, one project in particular pushed Kittles into business. One siblings results hold true for the others, and parents who swab their cheeks save their children the trouble. Counting backward 350 years, or about 14 generations, to the height of the African slave trade, any one person could have as many as 16,384 ancestors. Kittles says he expects the price to fall as demand rises, but Harvards Gates puts the issue into perspective this way: Many people buy shoes that cost $250 or more, he says. But he gravitated toward subjects with broad social importance, and his eventual scholarly specialties were all hot topics: prostate cancer and its underlying causes, the relationship between genetics and disease prevalence more generally, and the validity (or lack of validity) of the concept of race. He is of African-American ancestry, and achieved renown in the 1990s for his pioneering work in tracing the ancestry of African Americans via DNA testing. A leader in the field of genetic ancestry tracing, AfricanAncestry.com followed Davidson's roots to Africa. One of the components that shapes identity, Kittles says, is family history, and for African Americans theres a void. If they could trace the origins of buried African Americans, they could do the same thing with living individuals. In the age of DNA screening, centuries-old rumors about plantation owners siring children with their female slaves have become, he says, verifiable fact. ntaylor@africanancestry.com. surrounding race, genetic ancestry, and health disparities. Al Sampsons DNA led him to Sierra Leone. DNA MATCHMAKER: A leading geneticist, Dr. Kittles oversees AfricanAncestry.coms DNA matching and results function. More than a year and a half earlier, Sampson had swabbed the inside of his cheek with a sterile foam pad, which he mailed off to African Ancestry, a Silver Spring, Marylandbased company that uses genetic testing to trace African Americans genealogical roots. In October he watched an episode of CBSs 60 Minutes, in which a woman wept on-camera when African Ancestry traced her lineage to Sierra Leone. If you look at the data, what were doing is actually deconstructing race, Kittles says. Washington, D.C.: George Washington University. But youre not necessarily related to any of them; its just a common name. Other last names are more rare. Customers, who were often able to put Kittles's results together with bits of family oral history to fill in blanks in their family trees, had strong emotional responses to what they learned from African Ancestry's tests. African Ancestry continued to grow and to gain national attention; an article on the company appeared in People in the fall of 2004. Since he first pondered the databases commercial prospects, hes been part of an intensifying public debate over geneticsrole in genealogy. Afrocentricity redirects here. Rick Antonius Kittles (born in Sylvania, Georgia, United States) is an American biologist specializing in human genetics. So when Rick Kittles, a young and ambitious geneticist at Howard University, proposed using DNA testing to pinpoint the exact region or tribe of their forebears, hundreds of blacks contacted his . Already, he had tried out his ancestry tests on a few subjects, among them his parents. Prior to forming AfricanAncestry.com, Paige was the founder and president of GPG Strategic Marketing Resources. Now for the first time in three centuries, Gates says, we can begin to reverse the Middle Passage. In 2006 he featured African Ancestry in African American Lives, a PBS documentary on black Americanssearch for their roots. Just click the "Edit page" button at the bottom of the page or learn more in the Biography submission guide. Now it contains more than 25,000 and counting. Shes often a go-to resource for African Diaspora communities including the Embassies of Cameroon and Ghana; The Year of Return 2019 event From Jamestown to Jamestown with the NAACP; Back2Africa Festival in Cape Coast and various African tourism authorities and leaders. Customers could choose to have either the paternal line (though the Y chromosome, the genetic marker responsible for the development of male characteristics) or the maternal line (through mitochondrial DNA) investigated; a discount was available for the pair. This project involved setting up national network of mostly African-American medical scientists who would enroll 100 families with at least four members who were afflicted with prostate cancer; blood samples were subjected to genetic research, with the intent of finding a genetic marker that might explain the high incidence of the disease among African-American men. Its recorded in our genome.. He locates closely related lineages for the remaining 15 percent. If you need immediate assistance, call 877-SSRNHelp (877 777 6435) in the United States, or +1 212 448 2500 outside of the United States, 8:30AM to 6:00PM U.S. Eastern, Monday - Friday. The 25,000 samples hes collected represent 389 ethnic groups from more than 30 countries, most in west and central Africa, where the slave trade was concentrated. in Sylvania, Georgia, in an area his family had inhabited for several generations, but he grew up in Central Islip, New York, on Long Island outside of New York City. George Krieger Kittle (born October 9, 1993) is an American football tight end for the San Francisco 49ers of the National Football League (NFL). The two talked about science and history, and finding a sense of place. He is also Associate Director of Health Equities of COH Comprehensive Cancer Center. [http://www.africanancestry.com/] He also serves as an associate professor in the Section of Genetic Medicine of the Department of Medicine at the University of Chicago. Then, copy and paste the text into your bibliography or works cited list. Where, he wondered, did he and his ancestors fit in? He grew up in Central Islip, New York. [http://medicine.uchicago.edu/faculty_profile/faculty_profile.asp?empl_id=9960]. Sampson decided to take a genetics test after attending a 2004 presentation at Chicagos South Shore Cultural Center given by Paige and African Ancestry cofounder Rick Kittles, then a geneticist at Ohio State University. [13], Kittles has performed a large amount of research, including publishing over 160 peer-reviewed articles, over his career with much of this work being devoted to issues such as genetic ancestry and health disparities among African Americans and other minority groups. He showed them the paperwork hed gotten from African Ancestry, the certificate attesting to his Temne lineage. Kittles launched African Ancestry in February 2003 with Paige, a Washington, D.C., entrepreneur who, as president, oversees the company's marketing and finances. Contemporary Black Biography. to improve the cultural, emotional, physical, spiritual and economic wellbeing of people across the African Diaspora. There was so much variation, and I realized we could tell something about maternal ancestry by looking at this data, he says. In February 2008 he appeared in part 4 of African American Lives 2. 2021 African Ancestry, Inc. All rights reserved. Tory Kittles Biography. Be the first to contribute! If I go to Wisconsin and look in the phone book and see a Kittles, more than likely Im going to be related to that person. Similarly, common lineagesusually more ancient ones, from which others evolved and branched outwardrecur frequently in more than one population. Nobody mentions that. Rick Antonius Kittles (syntynyt Sylvaniassa , Georgiassa , Yhdysvalloissa ) on yhdysvaltalainen biologi, joka on erikoistunut ihmisen genetiikkaan ja tutkimuksesta vastaava johtaja Morehouse School of Medicine -koulussa . //]]>. Sociologist The company was sort of an afterthought, he says. Rick Kittles, PhD, received a BS in biology from the Rochester Institute of Technology in 1989 and a PhD in biological sciences from George Washington University in 1998. Goal for these activities: Recognize why using race in biomedical studies can be problematic. But women looking to discover the origins of their fathers fathers fathers must rely on a male relativea father, a brother, a paternal uncleto take the Y-chromosome test. Kittles took on the role of scientific director. [9] On October 7, 2007, he was featured on the American TV newsmagazine 60 Minutes. Ricky Kittles is 56 years old today because Ricky's birthday is on 03/16/1966. When he was hired by Ohio State in 2004, the Columbus Dispatch reported that he would bring to the university more than $1 million in research grants in addition to his teaching expertise. Culture? The information provided a sense of belonging that Davidson previously lacked. He then helped. Some feared his work could be used to resanctify disgraced racial theories, or that DNAs essentializing power might engulf other aspects of African American identity. Ebony selected the nation's top 100 African-American "power players . "The Finnish Population Bottlenecks: Exploiting the Evolutionary History of Genes for Population and Genetic Disease Studies." And he was careful to inform potential customers of the method's limitations, pointing out that a person's ancestors over several centuries numbered in the hundreds or thousands, only two of which (one on the father's side, one on the mother's) could be identified by African Ancestry's DNA tests. Pick a style below, and copy the text for your bibliography. African Ancestry is committed to providing a unique service to the black community by working daily Rick Kittles, PhD, received a BS in biology from the Rochester Institute of Technology in 1989 and a PhD in biological sciences from George Washington University in 1998. He also became codirector of the molecular-genetics unit at the universitys National Human Genome Center. Currently, he is a professor and founding director of the Division of . Rick Antonius Kittles ( born in Sylvania, Georgia, United States) is an American biologist specializing in human genetics. Thats when the database work began in earnest. Geneticist Rick Kittles, a professor at Ohio State University, became one of the hottest young scientific researchers in the country in the early 2000s. It made news in London and Sydney. Kittles's tests also confirmed what researchers had long suspected; around 30 percent of African Americans had European ancestors, primarily due to the rape of slave women by white slaveholders. . In addition, he discovered, through of a DNA analysis, he descends mainly of people of Dakar, Senegal, and Nigeria's Hausa people. I mean, were talking about a very small part of your DNA, he says, less than 0.01 percent. The thinnest shred of genetic material0.1 percentaccounts for the entire spectrum of human variation; the other 99.9 percent of the genomes 3 billion nucleotides are identical from person to person. "It has nothing to do with race, it has more to do with ancestry," explained Rick Kittles, the director of the Center for Population Genetics at the University of Arizona and co-founder of . Historical records suggest that between 1640 and 1795 as many as 15,000 slaves were laid to rest in the New York African Burial Ground; after the cemetery closed, it was paved over as the burgeoning city expanded. Feb 25 2023. (Photo: Bob Demers/UANews) Ever since he can remember, Rick Kittles always wanted to know where he came from. He mounted his own research trips to the continent too, concentrating on its western territory, from which so many millions of African slaves had been captured and shipped to America. From approximately 1997 until 1999, as a researcher with the New York African Burial Ground Project (NYABGP), a federally funded project in New York City, win which Howard University researchers, led by anthropologist Michael Blakey, exhumed the remains of 408 African Americans from an 18th-century graveyard; Kittles gathered DNA samples from the remains and compared them with samples from a DNA database to determine from where in Africa the individuals buried in the graveyard had come. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. His published papers, most of them (as is typical in the hard sciences) done in collaboration with other investigators, bore lengthy titles like "High Incidence of Microsatellite Instability in Colorectal Cancer from African Americans." A lot of folk are really into family reunions, but it stops at grandmamma or great-grandmamma. Total downloads of all papers by Rick Kittles. Some of the coverage discussed Kittless genetic analysis of the remains. Rick holds a B.S. Keita M.D., D.Phil., (May 25, 1954) ne Jon Derryll Walker, is an African American biological anthropologist. Van Velsen | 1 Stefanie Van Velsen Feb 21, 2019. 2532) . Most clients, though, come to Kittles knowing little about their African forebears and expecting nothing in particular. He is currently Scientific Director of the Washington, D.C.-based African Ancestry Inc., a genetic testing service for determining individuals' African ancestry, which he co-founded with Gina Paige in March 2003 . Dr. Rick Kittles Joins MSM as Senior Vice President for Research JULY 27, 2022 - Noted researcher and health disparities expert comes to MSM from Ci. He has previously held positions at Howard University , Ohio State University , the . When you say African American,are you talking about Kenya? Scientific observers questioned whether Kittles could generate useful results in view of the fact that DNA testing could illuminate only a small sliver of a person's ancestry, and questions were raised about the size of the African DNA database on which he planned to rely. [1] He is of African-American ancestry, and achieved renown in the 1990s for his pioneering work in tracing the ancestry of African Americans via DNA testing. Dr. "I used to always wonder in school why everybody looks different," Kittles told Alice Thomas of the Columbus Dispatch. A single mitochondrial DNA or Y-chromosome test from African Ancestry costs $350; other companies charge between $200 and $900 for genetic screenings. Many customers made plans to visit African countries after receiving their test results. He was born in Orangeburg, SC to Johnnie Lee Walker, father and Jessie Dorman Walker, mother. Seattle Times, May 30, 2000, p. A1; April 25, 2003, p. A7. Defining "race" continues to be a nemesis. "The Finnish Population Bottlenecks: Exploiting the Evolutionary History of Genes for Population and Genetic Disease Studies." September 2, 2007. In July 2007 he told Englands Observer Magazine, There is a cultural feeling that DNA evidence is sacrosanct. Born in Sylvania, Georgia, and raised near Long Island, New York, a great deal of his academic interest was sparked . Rick then became a researcher and funded a project for Howard University researchers, in which they exhume remains of African Americans from an 18th-century graveyard. Yet it was outside of the academic world that Kittles made headlines. In the past six years, some two dozen DNA testing companies have sprung up, offering to help people of all ethnicities re-establish long-severed links to their past. Rick Kittles, PhD Director, Division of Population Genetics, Center for Applied Genetics and Genomic Medicine Professor, Cancer Biology, GIDP Professor, Public Health Professor, Surgery rkittles@email.arizona.edu (520) 626-8003 Room Number: 4948 UA Profile Academic / Professional Bio: [CDATA[ I saw it as a way of trying to put water on our flame, Sampson says. Scoops about Morehouse College . Theyve got all these diamonds, but theres so much exploitation., Sampson has read the critical press about Kittless work. African Ancestry determines specific countries and [1][2][3][4][5][6]. Rick Kittles, Ph.D., is Professor and founding director of the Division of Health Equities within the Department of Population Sciences at the City of Hope (COH). Dr. Kittles went to Howard University in 1998 and helped to establish a national cooperative network to study the genetics of . [1] Ia adalah keturunan Afrika-Amerika , dan terkenal pada tahun 1990-an karena karya rintisannya dalam melacak keturunan Afrika-Amerika melalui tes DNA . A black geneticist, Dr. Rick Kittles, contacted me and told me about this exciting new scientific development. Following public outcry over the federal governments haphazard excavationand some dismay that the graves had been disturbed at allthe remains were turned over to Howard researchers for more systematic examination. Inheritor both of wealth and of the sla, AFRICAN AMERICAN STUDIES, a field of academic and intellectual endeavorsvariously labeled Africana Studies, Afro-American Studies, Black Studies, Pa, The African diaspora is a term that refers to the dispersal of African peoples to form a distinct, transnational community. It is through his years of research on genetic variation and his passion for the movements of African people throughout the world that AfricanAncestry.com was conceived. degree in biology from the Rochester Institute of Technology (1989), where he pledged Kappa Alpha Psi fraternity, and a Ph.D. in biology from George Washington University in Washington, D.C. (1998). SUBJECT MATTER EXPERT: Dr. Kittles work at African Ancestry has ignited global interest and dialogue, as well as unprecedented focus on African ancestry tracing in U.S. and abroad. Thats mainly because of the behavior of slaveholders during slavery, Kittles says. Cite this article Pick a style below, and copy the text for your bibliography. and its Licensors Kittles also co-directed the molecular genetics unit of Howard University's National Human Genome Center. Some people come to African Ancestry, Paige says, hoping to confirm oral histories about American Indians in the family, but the tests rarely bear them out. "Flesh and Blood and DNA," Salon, http://archive.salon.com/health/feature/2000/05/12/roots/print.html (March 1, 2005). As he was completing his doctoral degree at George Washington University in 1998, Kittles was hired as an assistant professor of microbiology at Washington's Howard University and was named director of the African American Hereditary Prostate Cancer (AAHPC) Study Network at the university's National Human Genome Center. Her work is featured in PBS Finding Your Roots with Henry Louis Gates, Jr. and African American Lives 1 & 2, The Africa Channel, NBCs Who Do You Think You Are?, CNNs Black in America series and SiriusXM where she created and served as co-host on African Ancestry Radio. Encyclopedia.com gives you the ability to cite reference entries and articles according to common styles from the Modern Language Association (MLA), The Chicago Manual of Style, and the American Psychological Association (APA). Knowledge from human genetic research is increasingly challenging the notion that race and biology are inextricabl. When you look at our family history, what gets reinforced is that we were enslaved, he says. Since that first journey to Lunsar, he has made several trips back, as do many who trace their roots to Africa, and hes added his Temne name to his business card, just above the line that reads, Ordained by Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Sampsons congregation is starting an adoption program for Lunsars orphansIm always concerned about orphanages, he says, not least because I could have grown up in oneand this year he plans to bring over a few generators to power the villages schools. That variation is located within a gene that plays a role in DNA repair, and a malfunction in that process could contribute to cancer development. After the media attention on the genetics of the project started to erupt, Kittles says, many folks were like, If you can do that for the bones of dead people, you should be able to do it for me..

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