reasons for the adoption of federalism in nigeria pdf

The size of Nigeria is therefore managed and maintained with federalism. Just very few words have evoked much more controversy in the discus of politics than the word, federalism. By using our site, you agree to our collection of information through the use of cookies. Population of the country document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Reasons for the Adoption of Federalism in Nigeria. This is so because where federal principles apply, the various ethnic groups that cannot or dont form majority to produce large part may have the opportunity of governing themselves within their federating unit controlled by them. As a result, issues relating to marginalization, economic imbalance, social alienation, ethnic suspicion and superior-subordination contestation are recurring malaises in the system. "There are reasons why some nation-states opt for federalism. Arabian Journal of Business and Management Review (Nigerian Chapter), Abstract: The Nigeria civil war (1967-1970) provoked by declaration of Biafra republic had indelible imprint on Nigeria state. Everybody would likely agree that the conscious awareness and awakening of the course of who is who invariably determines who gets what, perhaps when and how. PDF The Efficacy of Federalism in a Multi-Ethnic State: The Nigerian - CORE This post will give you some insight into why federalism was adopted as the system of governance in Nigeria. PDF Federal Theory and Federalism in Africa Berihun Gebeye - McGill University 3. The disadvantages are that it can set off a race to the bottom among states, cause cross-state economic and social disparities, and obstruct federal efforts . Advantages and Disadvantages of Federalism - Course Hero As a result of this, it has brought about the cry of the minorities clamoring for their own state. To learn more, view ourPrivacy Policy. This is also one of the reasons for federal system of government in Nigeria. Weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation The fear of marginalization by the minority in a unitary system of government has, to a great extent, influenced the majority state support for federating states. Federalism - Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy endobj Federalism is a type of government in which the sovereign authority of political power is usually divided between two units. Also see: Reasons why lawyers wear wigs to court, Origin and nature of federalism in Nigeria. /F6 21 0 R This notwithstanding, the concept of federalism boasts of a very popular definition by an American scholar, K.C. This simply means that federalism in Nigeria provides accommodation, an institutional arrangement which gives the component units equal and coordinate jural status. The effectiveness of linking communications has been a vital factor in geographical unit. He rejects the assertion that There may be no point, of course, boring ones moment with such lengthy activity of working out their conceptual nuances. To browse Academia.edu and the wider internet faster and more securely, please take a few seconds toupgrade your browser. No doubt, the Ethnic, Religious and Geographical nature of Nigeria also contributed to the reason why federalism was adopted. } !1AQa"q2#BR$3br welcome, and thanks for reading us. It needs proper review so that the country can move forward as a nation. It also shows the growth rate as an engine to the development of economies of developing countries like Nigeria in this 21p century. It allows for popular participation in politics at every level of government. Federalism is a defined or is said to be the system where powers are shared between central and regional governments so that each is in a sphere coordinate and are independent. Nigeria therefore falls into the latter because of the wide diversities. To begin with, the title of this book, " Last Train to Biafra " is allegorically evocative of the severing of, or rather the dead relationship between Nigeria and Biafra. 7 Cooperative federalism was dominant from the 1930s through the 1970s. There must be a formal decision of government powers by the constitution between the federal and state government. Bashar Abubakar Bukkuyum This is good 'nd thank you Blogger. Check your inbox to be the first to know the hottest news. In a Unitary system, the minority states cannot govern the entire region which is controlled by majority. A Policy Brief examining the actors, factors and dynamics of the agitations, questioning if the current agitation is another flash in the pan and if current responses are adequate to address the agitations for secession of Biafra from Nigeria. PDF Department Of Economics University Of Ilorin | freewebmasterhelp Also, Read: Bad Leadership Causes, Effects And Solutions In Nigeria. The United States, Canada, India, France and Australia adopted federalism because of the desire for security by the various ethnic units. The proximity of the tongues and tribes in Nigeria made it possible for the adoption of federalism in the country. reasons for the adoption of federalism in nigeria pdf Northern Cameroons should remain with Northern Nigeria but Southern Cameroon should be granted autonomy with a legislature of its own. Critically, after that train, every other train went to Nigeria from Nigeria, indicating the enormity of the wall of enmity demarcating Nigeria from the sovereign State of Biafra. In 1954, the Nigerian founding fathers opted for a federal system of government despite its inherent challenges in a pluralistic society. PDF Fiscal Federalism in Nigeria: Theory and Dimensions Problems facing the legal profession in Nigeria, History of the legal profession in Nigeria, Problems of Local Government in Nigeria And Solutions, 5 important Characteristic of customary law, Sources of Nigerian Law: everything you need to know. is one of the devices built into the federal constitution of Nigeria as a means of achieving unity in diversity. Moreover, SjHw`d"*z;3N&W3k]:}N\t+5 (Nw3hW"T"aDV$V e. Reasons for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria - Legit.ng By the time Nigeria became a republic, the system of federalism was adopted and the country was considered as a federation of three regions. Federalism shares power between the central and regional governments; thus promoting efficiency in service delivery and governance. by the federal or any state government. Do you want to know the basis and the reasons for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria? /MediaBox [0 0 612 792] The Plural nature of Nigeria. Political institutions, Kinship ties, Origin of towns and their cultural antecedents are enriched with similar history. Are there certain inherent and primordial grievances and preferences? 2012, Issues and Trends in Nigeria's Development. In a unitary constitution which opposes federal principles, everything belongs to the central government; the federating unit does not exist, let alone agitating for resource control. Common national, racial, religious, cultural linguistic or social ties have often contributed to the unification of political unit. For instance, such noun phrases like: nationality, nation, citizenship, identity, ethnicity, ethnic group, indigene, state of origin, etc, are inherently conflict laden, with abundant intellectual understandings. It submits that the problem with constitutionalism in Nigeria is poor leadership and poor implementation of the Constitution. In the words of Richards, regionalism was introduced to strengthen unity in diversity. Nigeria as a result was divided into three provinces. June 1,2022 This embodies ideas of promise, obligation, and undertaking; and consequently, the federal idea draws on collaboration, reciprocity, and mutuality. Nigeria is confronted to the boomerang effects of the evolution of its federalism. This marginalization is evinced by untold hardships such as poverty, lack of infrastructure for health care and education, and generally impaired wellbeing. Indeed, whatever scholarly connotations they bear, one strongly believes that they all enjoy one clear focus. That notwithstanding, The origin and concept of federalism boasts of a very popular definition by an American scholar, K.C. British North American colonies unite 3 Up to 1867, the colonies 4 of British North America had no political or geographical links. Your email address will not be published. % 33 The Marriage Act, Laws of the Federation of Nigeria, 1990, sec 18 specifically stipulates: "If either party to an intended marriage, not being a Consent widower or widow, is under twenty-one years of age, the written consent of the father, or if he be dead or of unsound mind or absent from Nigeria, of the mother, or if both be dead or of unsound mind or absent from Nigeria, of the . of diversities helps in a nations decision to adopt the aggregative or disaggregative type of federalism. The leaders also were from different major tribes and also wanted a level of power. /BitsPerComponent 8 Political culture of Nigeria: 3.4 4. Rather there has been more challenges than benefits of this federal system. The paper begins by placing the question in an historical context examines its different phases and characters. However, the practice of fiscal federalism in Nigeria is a negation of true federalism. Voter Turnout, Voting Behavior and Democratic Consolidation in Nigeria By Professor Sakah Saidu Mahmud Kwara State University, Malete 1. As at the time of independence, the population of Nigeria was estimated at 45.21 million. The Evolution, Development and Practice of Federalism in Nigeria Charas Madu Tella, Ahmed Wali Doho, Aliyu Bapeto Abstract Federalism is a political philosophy in which members of a group are. The Challenge of Domesticating Children's Rights Treaties in Nigeria five reasons for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria explained. According to Ayoade (2009:iii): Nigerians have come to identify the first republic 1960- 66 as the golden age of federalism in Nigeria. Moreover, it is important to note that most of the ethnic groups in Nigeria had strong political inter-group relationship before colonial rule. Pillars of democracy: 7 Essential pillars of democracy. For this alone, one thinks in consonance with the conviction of dominant scholarship, that such clustering and bundling of diverse identities in an amalgamative sense, in the case of Nigeria, is too, an irreconcilable British experimentalism of the federal principle. 7 Topics . Each document posted on the site includes a link to the corresponding official PDF file on govinfo.gov. What are the reasons Nigeria adopted the Federalism system of government in Nigeria? Seven (7) Reasons for the Adoption of Federalism in Nigeria - Blogger PDF Nigerian Federalism: Issues, Challenges and Prospects The current problems facing the Nigeria government and the Biafra separatist agitators originate in the causes and the effects of the Nigerian Civil war (06 July 1967-15 January 1970). Trouble for INEC staff who violated Electoral Act during presidential polls as c 53 things to do with your boyfriend: fun ways to spend time together, Presidential election: Jack-Rich salutes Tinubu, Shettima over victory, Maritime workers hail Supreme Court over old naira notes, says cargo can now leave ports, Dating apps in Nigeria: best applications to help you find the one. REVENUE ALLOCATION IN NIGERIA: NEED FOR REFORM? It was subsequently, not until after the American constitution of 1787, that a new concept of federalism was introduced. I love this article,very educating and interesting This has led to a deep sense of alienation and politics of ethnic identity. Pls visit us again dear reader. Under this type, there exist a balkanization of formerly unitary state near disintegration and its diversities which progress to a state. Federalism, Nigerian Federal Constitution and the Practice of /F3 12 0 R Besides this desire, there was also the presence of certain socio-economic conditions (Babalola, 2013 . 1. 2013 PP.100-107, This paper explores the issue of unification federalism in Nigeria, which has been an obstacle to peace, development and threats to security .The findings from an extensive reading of related materials suggest that, the root of contemporary political conflict and underdevelopment in Nigeria political landscape shows clearly in the area of imbalance political structures that were established before and after independence. As one of the most effective frameworks for governing a pluralistic society, Nigeria adopted Federalism to manage her multi-ethnic state. Do you know the reasons for federalism in Nigeria? Federalism was implemented in Nigeria as way back as 1946 during the British colonial era. - Cooperative or "marble-cake" federalism is de ned as a exible relationship between the national and state government in which both work together on a variety of issues and programs. Minority Marginalization 3.6 6. Unity of the country: 3.3 3. Be the first to get hottest news from our Editor-in-Chief, Check your email and confirm your subscription. The possible reasons for the practice of federalism in Nigeria are several, and have, for instance, been presented as British imposition targeted at a post-colonial relationship, or as a. Federalism in Canada - Canada.ca i dont have my first school leaving certificate. Fiscal Federalism and Democratic Governance in Nigeria - I. O. Taiwo 2004 >> Nigeria can be said to be operating the federal system of government, whereas in actual practice, the country is tending towards a unitary system. The Emergence of Nigeria as a political entity under colonial rule was not an easy affair. INTRO: Federalism has been approached with variegated definitions such that one might argue that there are as much definitions of federalism as there are authors on the subject. RESTRUCTURE OR DISINTEGRATE, OFFICIAL CORRUPTION AND THE DILEMA OF INSTABILITY IN NIGERIA, The Rationale for AfSol in Peace and Security: The Global, National and Regional Precipitants, Agitation for Restructuring and Resource Control in Nigeria's Federalism: Issues, Perspectives and the Way Forward, Giving Peace a Chance in Nigeria: The Case for a Preventive Diplomacy, Framing of Neo-Biafra Agitations in Selected Nigerian Newspapers, CRISES OF FEDERALISM IN NIGERIA AND THE FUTURE OF THE MIDDLE BELT REGION, Social Media and Hate Speech: Analysis of Comments on Biafra Agitations, Nigeria. The availability of resources in a particular region and the need for that area to control the resources has also been seen as a reason for a federal system in Nigeria. But nigeria today became the proudable and bearable country, The intimidating size of Nigeria does not only earn her an international respect but also provides her with a buffer to attacks by rogue nations and disgruntled neighbours. This paper consequently argues that the anxiety as well as angst attributable to this agitation has the tendencies of not only disrupting the relative-peace presently enjoyed by the various groups, but is also, if not controlled, capable of plunging the country into a state of economic comatose and perpetual fragility. *$( %2%(,-/0/#484.7*./. C << The federal system adopted in 1954 comprised a national government and three regional governments: Eastern, Northern, and Western. REASONS FOR LOW TRADE Historical reasons - India adopted socialist model of economy and policy of import substitution and protectionism till 1990s and civil wars and domestic instability in other countries Poor Connectivity- Due to difficult terrain on borders, poor development of inland waterways, poor border infrastructure like border huts . There was just the Northern Protectorate and the Southern Protectorate. It is on this footing, herewith, that one can properly understand the rational for, and theory of federalism, what and why certain trends theme up federal-state relations in Nigeria, and the features of federal-state relations in Nigeria. /ProcSet [/PDF /Text ] Keywords: Civil war, Secession, Self-determination, Nationalism and Restructuring, This work critically examines the issues undermining the unification of Nigeria, using indicators and concepts including failed state, separatist agitation and insecurity. The USSR was an example of this type of federalism. stream Why do nations federate?, what are the factors or conditions to have necessitated the adoption of federalism?, how is a federation to be organized?, how is power to be shared between the levels of government in a federation?, is federalism a means to an end or an end itself?, why do some federations succeed and others fail?. This was many times more the population of most African countries then. 5 Problems Of Federalism In Nigeria And Solutions Secondly, are these groups well pleased, or do they at least accept such manipulative placements? Nigeria is quite a big country with an area of 923,768 km2. In Nigerias case, the tongues and tribes that made up Nigeria has one colonial history. and Democracy in Nigeria, ISSUES IN NIGERIAN FISCAL FEDERALISM; THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE PRINCIPLE OF DERIVATION AND RESOURCE CONTROL. Brad Simpson (2014) The Biafran secession and the limits of self-determination, Journal of Genocide Research, 16:2-3, 337-354, WARN POLICY BRIEF THE NIGERIA STATE AND THE BIAFRA QUESTION: THREATS TO OR OPPORTUNITIES FOR NATIONAL COHESION, LAST TRAIN TO BIAFRA - Memories of a Biafran Child: A Personal Family Experience, Fiscal Federalism, Ethnic Minorities and the National Question in Nigeria: Revisiting the Case of the Niger Delta People, WARN POLICY BRIEF WARN POLICY BRIEF THE NIGERIA STATE AND THE BIAFRA QUESTION: THREATS TO OR OPPORTUNITIES FOR NATIONAL COHESION, Biafra Resurgence: State Failure, Insecurity and Separatist Agitations in Nigeria, Biafra Separatism: Causes, Consequences and Remedies, The Nigerian State and the Quest for Restructuring: Implications for Democratic Consolidation, THE DISINTEGRATION OF YUGOSLAVIA: A LESSON FOR NIGERIA, MASSOB AND IPOB SELF DETERMINATION AND THE NIGERIA STATE, Ndi Igbo, Leadership, Nationhood, the Nigerian Dilemma and Why We Are All Biafrans, Death of a nation - Biafra and the Nigerian question.pdf, Exploring the Dimensions of Secessionist Agitations: Security Threats and Implications for Nigeria 1966-2016, REVISITING THE NIGERIA-BIAFRA WAR: THE INTANGIBLES OF POST- WAR RECONCILIATION, The Ambiguity of Constitutional Silence on State Secession in Nigeria: Looking Beyond Politics of Compassion and Prejudice, West Africa Insight Secessionist Movement ENGLISH Version, Situation Analysis on Public Safety and Security Governorship Election in Anambra State, IGBOS, A PEOPLE THRIVING AMIDST ADVERSITY: WHO ARE THE IGBOS, Pro-Biafran Activists and the call for a Referendum: A Sentiment Analysis of 'Biafraexit' on Twitter after UK's vote to leave the European Union, NIGERIA: WHAT IS TO BE DONE? /F2 9 0 R ICT services have help in the improvement of the markets, reduction in transaction costs and increase . /F1 6 0 R 3l:rmO"XDhG%2| /F5 18 0 R Then Nigeria was organised into a federation that had three regions. 1. This has nexus with the particular sharing formula adopted. In light of this, a constitution is said to be federal when its operates two levels of government, that is the federal and state, and each of this level exercise its different powers without interference by the other level. Nigeria: A Federation in Search of Federalism More importantly, certain heavy but blurred (or fluid) terminologies that define or designate Nigerias federal principle, which are highly pertinent to coexistence, have yet compounded the theoretical and practical significance of federalism in Nigeria. There are other political systems the country could have adopted but because of some reasons which I am going to share with you today, federalism seemed to be the best idea. In this paper I explain the hows and whys of the minorities continued disadvantaged status in spite of the far-reaching steps that have been taken to ameliorate, if not eliminate, the problem. This makes it possible for the minorities to be separated from the domination of big ethnic groups. 7 Topics Revenue Allocation in Nigeria | Week 9. 3. Multi-Ethnicity Nigeria is a country with a lot of ethnic groups. In recent times, specifically in post 2015 general election, there have been new waves of agitations for the Biafra republic by both Movement for Actualization of Sovereign State of Biafra and Indigenous People of Biafra on one hand and for Niger Delta republic by Niger Delta Avengers on the other, added to terrorism and militancy that are already threatening Nigeria fragile state. government and the governed by enhancing political cohesion in such country with regional, ethic, racial, linguistic and cultural diversity like Nigeria. Such an act has constituted to one of the major problems of federalism thereby militating against the development of the nation. In examining post-independence constitution-making in Nigeria, this chapter finds that military rule blighted Nigerias capacity to respond appropriately to the challenges of federalism.