All rights reserved. Skill in agriculture and animal husbandry. They voluntarily accepted God as their sovereign, and this constituted the nation a theocracy. You may not distribute or commercially use the content on any other website or other form of electronic retrieval system. In which century B.C. With the crucifixion of Christ they forever forfeited their special position as Gods chosen people. Since only these two kings are mentioned, Amos seems to have prophesied during the time when both kings were sole rulers in their respective kingdoms. Hence, 640 B.C., about midway between the two limits, marked by the destruction of Thebes and the fall of Nineveh, would seem to be a reasonable conjectural date for Nahums prophetic ministry. Any nation and kingdom that would not serve Israel was to perish chapter (60:12). The Assyrian capital city of Nineveh was captured and destroyed by the combined forces of Media and Babylonia in 612 B.C., which is, accordingly, the latest possible date for Nahum. Most of them are mentioned in the Bible, in either the prophetic or the historical books. The consecutive order of the book of Haggai would indicate that his whole recorded ministry lasted not longer than 31/2 months, beginning (chapter 1:1) on August 29, 520 B.C., and extending, in his last two recorded speeches (chapter 2:10, 20), to December 18, 520. After Jerusalems fall in 586, Nebuchadnezzar allowed Jeremiah to stay with the remnant of his people who were left in the country (chapter 40:1-6). by means of a broken line. Before the Israelites entered the Promised Land, God warned them not to forget that the blessings they were to enjoy there if they cooperated with Him would come as divine gifts (see Deuteronomy 8:7-14), not primarily as the result of their own wisdom and skill (verses 17-19). The success of Israel was to be based on and to include: 1. Returning to their homelands, the Gentile ambassadors would counsel their fellow countrymen, Let us go speedily to pray before the Lord, and to seek the Lord (Zechariah 8:21, 22; cf. Jer 31:35. They blindly overlooked those scriptures that point to the humiliation of Christs first advent, and misapplied those that speak of the glory of His second coming. Zechariah probably belonged to a priestly family (chapter 1:1; cf. It is true, he says, that national Israel stumbled at the stumblingstone, Jesus Christ (Romans 9:32, 33; 11:11; cf. 1:1, 6:1 - 8). From the visible their minds were to be directed to the invisible, from the seen to the unseen, from the material to the spiritual, from the temporal to the eternal. He saw the destruction of Jerusalem and of the Beth Hamikdosh, after his warnings and prophecies fell on deaf ears. Hosea. The fundamental principle by which we can tell unerringly when any particular promise or prediction of the Old Testament made originally to literal Israel is to meet its fulfillment with respect to spiritual Israel iswhen a later inspired writer makes such an application of it. For some time he held a high position in Nebuchadnezzars government (chapter 2:48), and became a trusted counselor of the great king. But maybe it wasnt at that spot. Owing to the failure of the Jews as Gods chosen people, many of the prophecies of the Old Testament, such as those affirming the worldwide mission of Israel and the ingathering of the Gentiles (see Genesis 12:3; Deuteronomy 4:6-8; Isaiah 2:2-5; 42:6; 49:6; 52:10; 56:6, 7; 60:1-3; 61:9; 62:2; Zechariah 2:11; 8:22, 23; etc. He played an important role during two momentous periods: (1) under Ahaz, during the war between Syria and Israel (chapters 7-11), and (2) under Hezekiah, during a siege of Jerusalem by Sennacherib chapters 36; 37). Hence no reference to these two kingdoms was made by the prophet. Shortly after this event he once more rose to a high position of honor and responsibility in the newly formed Persian Empire (chapter 6). All Israel consists of both Jews and Gentiles, thus all Israel shall be saved (Romans 11:25, 26). These promises of prosperity and a successful mission were to have met fulfillment in large measure during the centuries following the return of the Israelites from the lands of their captivity. Jeremiah (Yirmiyahu) It was Jeremiahs lot in life to be known throughout the ages as the prophet of doom, for he was G-ds main spokesman in the generation of the destruction of Jerusalems first Temple. Formal worship took the place of sincere religion (cf. The last part of the lecture turns to Second Isaiah and the famous servant songs that find a universal significance in In an age when every wind of doctrine is blowing it is well to make certain that our understanding of Bible prophecy rests upon a positive Thus saith the Lord (see Deuteronomy 29:29; Isaiah 50:11; Jeremiah 2:13; Matthew 7:24-28; 1 Corinthians 2:4, 5, 12, 13; Eph. Jesus own verdict was, The kingdom of God shall be taken from you, and given to a nation bringing forth the fruits thereof (Matthew 21:43; cf. According to His beneficent purpose, the covenant promises were to have met fulfillment in large measure during the centuries following the return of the Israelites from the lands of their captivity. 4. The Christian church is a spiritual nation scattered all over the world, and such details obviously could not apply to it in a literal sense. Ch 2: Israel Forsakes God Ch 3:6 Unfaithful Israel Ch 4:5 Disaster From the North Ch 5: Not One Is Upright Ch 6: Jerusalem Under Siege Jer 11 - 12 2, 4 Ch 11: The Covenant Is Broken; Plot Against The chart allows both ideas, indicating his possible ministry during the two decades preceding 560 B.C. He has a controversy with them because they have rebelled against His authority (Jeremiah 25:31-33), and He will judge (Joel 3:9-17) and destroy them there (Isaiah 34:1-8; 63:1-6; 66:15-18). Thus. Inasmuch as it is possible to date the kings of Judah and Israel, especially the later ones, with comparatively high accuracy, the various reigns during which these sixteen prophets ministered have been entered in this chart according to the tentative chronology used in this commentary. Several of his messages were against various foreign nations. Long before Norman Podhoretz became one of the intellectual leaders of American neoconservatism, he was a student of Hebrew literature and a passionate reader of the In their meticulous attention to the letter of the law they lost sight of its spirit. Mark 7:9). Isaiah, Jeremiah, and Ezekiel, however, did. The various abuses rebuked by Malachi are mostly the same as those Nehemiah found when he returned to Jerusalem for his second term of governorship (Malachi 3:8, 9; cf. Daniel himself so understood these promises (Daniel 9:1-8). Yet in mercy, God still bore with His people, and in due time Messiah came (Malachi 3:1-3). The British-Israel movement teaches that the Anglo-Saxon peoples are the literal descendants of the ten so-called lost tribes of the northern kingdom and that the promises will, in large measure, be fulfilled to their modern posterity. WebThe major prophets are Isaiah, Jeremiah, and Ezekiel, and the other twelve (Hosea, Joel, Amos, Obadiah, Jonah, Micah, Nahum, Habakkuk, Zephaniah, Haggai, Zechariah, and Malachi) are minor. Theoretically, the word minor signifies not lesser moral or religious or literary stature but only lesser length. To their own question, What nation is there so great, who hath God so nigh unto them? the Gentiles would answer, Surely this great nation is a wise and understanding people (Deuteronomy 4:7, 6). He states that he ministered under King Josiah (chapter 1:1), who reigned from 640 to 609 B.C. One of the main objectives of the Bible commentator is to reconstruct the historical setting in which the declarations of the prophets were originally made. Between the return from Babylon and the rejection of the Messiah, Israel was to have its second and final opportunity as a nation to cooperate with the divine plan (see Jeremiah 12:14-17). However, 2 Kings 14:25 states that Jonah also pronounced a prophecy concerning the expansion of Israel that was fulfilled by Jeroboam II. Jer 2 - 6 2, 3 God sends Jeremiah to Jerusalem to give a series of messages to the people of Judah. He will listen to the prophet speaking to Israel of old and endeavor to understand what his words meant to the people who originally heard them. This prophecy must have been pronounced either before Jeroboam came to the throne (approximately 793 B.C.) Four verses, Isaiah 45:12; 48:13; and Jeremiah 10:12; 51:15 use the Qal perfect form. Since the hostile acts of the heathen peoples committed against Judah (chapter 3:4 ff.) It ran from the last year Judah's King Uzziah ruled (740 B.C. Also, Jeremiah (chapter 26:18), quoting Micah (chapter 3:12), testifies that Micah ministered during Hezekiahs time. He belonged to a family of priests whose home town was Anathoth. Jeremiah 12:14-16). In the introduction to his book he declares that he worked under the kings Uzziah of Judah and Jeroboam II of Israel. For example, the judgment that came upon Sodom and Gomorrah, literal cities of the ancient past, is used by Bible writers as descriptive of the judgment God will eventually bring upon all the world. Instead of becoming light bearers to the world they absorbed its darkness and reflected that darkness instead. It was His purpose to set them on high above all nations of the earth (Deuteronomy 28:1), with the result that all people of the earth would recognize their superiority and call them blessed (Malachi 3:10, 12). 1 Peter 2:9, 10). Jeremiah blames the people for ethical misbehavior. He probably died in the Nile country. With Him there is no variableness, neither shadow of turning (James 1:17). Nothing is impossible with God. Thus, for more than 1,500 years, a great experiment designed to test the relative merits of good and evil was conducted before the world. Yet not Superior craftsmanship. Even during the Captivity, and later under foreign tutelage, Israel remained a theocracy in theory if not fully in practice. Not only is Malachi last in the sequential order of the prophets; it is also the last prophetic book produced in pre-Christian times. The voice of God through the prophets distinctly speaks to us today. 3. Cooperation with the natural laws of body and mind would result in ever-increasing mental strength, and the people of Israel would be blessed with vigor of intellect, keen discrimination, and sound judgment. Only when its leaders formally rejected the Messiah and declared before Pilate their allegiance to no king but Caesar (John 19:15) did Israel as a nation irrevocably withdraw from the covenant relationship and the theocracy. Thus it was with Daniel, a bright example of what man may become, even in this life, if he will make God his strength and wisely improve the opportunities and privileges within his reach (see Daniel 1:8-20). Several of the prophets messages are dated exactly, and the last of these dated prophetic messages was received in the 27th year of Ezekiels captivity (chapter 29:17), 571/70. Who became king of Babylon about the same time that Jeremiah was called by God. Hosea was from the Northern Kingdom, Micah and Jeremiah were from the Southern kingdom. Earlier commentators attempted to equate the two men, because of the use of similar expressions in their utterances (Micah 1:2; cf. WebEzekiels use of dramatic prophetic signs, his rejection of collective divine punishment and assertion of individual responsibility are discussed. Rabbinic tradition has it that Isaiah's father, Amoz (not the same as Amos the prophet), was a brother of King Amaziah. They were written for our admonition, upon whom the ends of the world are come (1 Corinthians 10:11). But, said the angel, Messiah would be rejected and cut off, because of the abominations of Israel, and Jerusalem and the Temple would once more life waste (verses 26, 27). See on Zechariah 1:8. While it is thus known that he began his work in 520 and continued until 518 B.C., the end of his prophetic ministry must be left open. His call came to him sometime in October/November, 520 B.C., in the same year as Haggais first appearance (chapter 1:1). At the same time, He permitted the heathen nations to walk in their own ways (Acts 14:16), to furnish an example of what man can accomplish apart from Him. They were the most influential prophets to appear on the scene, and their many prophecies have been preserved in the sacred Scriptures. He was therefore a somewhat younger contemporary of Isaiah, to whose vocabulary and terminology his prophecies show great similarity (Micah 4:1-4; cf. Israels unwillingness to submit to the restrictions and requirements of God, prevented them, to a great extent, from reaching the high standard He desired them to attain, and from receiving the blessings He was ready to bestow upon them. In fact, this procedure is responsible more than anything else for the fanciful interpretations that distinguish the teachings of certain religious groups.

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